Athens and Sparta

ŏcŭlus (sync. oclus, Prud. steph. 10, 592 dub.), i, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. akshi and aksha, from the root ītsh, videre; Gr. ossomai, osse; Goth. augō; Germ. Auge; Engl. eye], an eye.

Lit.:

quae (natura) primum oculos membranis tenuissimis vestivit et saepsit... sed lubricos oculos fecit et mobiles,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142; cf. Cels. 7, 7, 13; Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 139 sq.; Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 221:

venusti,

id. Tusc. 5, 16, 46:

eminentes,

prominent, id. Vatin. 2, 4:

oculi tanquam speculatores,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 140:

acuti,

id. Planc. 27, 69:

maligni,

Verg. A. 5, 654:

minaces,

Luc. 2, 26: oculos conicere in aliquem, to cast or fix one's eyes upon, Cic. Clu. 19, 54:

oculos conjecit in hostem,

Verg. A. 12, 483: adicere alicui rei, to cast one's eyes upon, glance at:

ad eorum ne quem oculos adiciat suos,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 24; to covet, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 37:

adicere ad rem aliquam,

id. Agr. 2, 10, 25:

de aliquo nusquam deicere,

to never turn one's eyes away from, to regard with fixed attention, id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

deicere ab aliquā re,

to turn away, id. Phil. 1, 1, 1:

in terram figere,

to fix one's eyes upon the ground, Tac. H. 4, 72:

deicere in terram,

to cast down to, Quint. 1, 11, 9:

demittere,

Ov. M. 15, 612:

erigere,

id. ib. 4, 146: attollere. Verg. A. 4, 688; Ov. M. 2, 448:

circumferre,

id. ib. 6, 169:

premere,

Verg. A. 9, 487: deponere, to fix, Hor C. 1, 36, 18:

distorquere,

id. S. 1, 9, 65:

spargere,

to direct hither and thither, Pers. 5, 33:

oculis cernere,

to see with one's own eyes, Nep. Timol. 2, 2:

oculos auferre spectanti,

to blind the eyes of an observer, to cheat him before his eyes, Liv. 6, 15 fin.: ponere sibi aliquid ante oculos. i. e. to imagine to one's self any thing, Cic. Agr. 2, 20, 53:

proponere oculis suis aliquid,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

esse ante oculos,

to be before one's eyes, id. Lael. 11, 38: res posita in oculis, and ante oculos, that lies before one's eyes, is apparent, evident:

de rebus ante oculos positis,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 5:

omnia sunt enim posita ante oculos,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 192:

inque meis oculis candida Delos erat,

before my eyes, Ov. H. 21, 82: vivere in oculis, habitare in oculis, to live in the sight of, in the presence of, in intercourse with:

in maximā celebritate atque in oculis civium quondam viximus,

Cic. Off. 3, 1, 3:

habitavi in oculis,

id. Planc. 27, 66; cf.:

in foro palam Syracusis in ore atque in oculis provinciae,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; Liv. 22, 12; 35, 10; Tac. H. 4, 77:

habere in oculis,

to keep in sight, to watch, observe, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 66:

in oculis omnium submergi,

Curt. 9, 4, 11:

se ante oculos suos trucidari sinerent,

Liv. 2, 6, 2; 4, 14, 5; Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48: ab oculis alicujus abire (ire), to leave one's presence:

Abin' hinc ab oculis?

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 147; id. Truc. 2, 5, 24; Sen. Ep. 36, 10; cf.:

ab oculis recedere,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 11:

ab oculis concedere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

(angues) conspecti repente ex oculis abierunt,

out of sight, Liv. 25, 16, 2:

prodigii species ex oculis elapsa,

id. 26, 19, 7:

(avem) ablatam ex oculis,

Tac. H. 2, 50:

facesserent propere ex urbe ab ore atque oculis populi Romani,

Liv. 6, 17, 8:

sub oculis alicujus,

before a person's eyes, in his presence, Caes. B. C. 1, 71; Vell. 2, 79, 4:

sub oculis domini esse,

Col. 9, 5, 2:

quos honores sub oculis tuis gessit,

Plin. Ep. 10, 11, 2:

sub avi oculis necari,

Just. 1, 4, 5; Flor. 4, 7, 8:

hostes sub oculis erant,

Liv. 22, 14, 3; 26, 38, 9:

sub oculis Caesaris,

Tac. A. 2, 35: hunc oculis suis nostrarum numquam quisquam vidit, with his own eyes, i. e. actually, in person, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 10:

numquam ante hunc diem meis oculis eam videram,

id. Hec. 5, 4, 23: ad oculum, for display, to be seen:

non ad oculum servientes,

Vulg. Eph. 1, 18; id. Col. 3, 22.—As a term of endearment, the apple of my eye, my darling:

ubi isti sunt quibus vos oculi estis, quibus vitae estis, quibus deliciae?

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 46:

bene vale, ocule mi!

id. Curc. 1, 3, 47 —Hence, in a double sense:

par oculorum in amicitiā M. Antonii triumviri,

Suet. Rhet. 5.—The ancients swore by their eyes:

si voltis per oculos jurare, nihilo magis facietis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 1.—

Transf.

The power of seeing, sight, vision: ut eum quoque oculum, quo bene videret, amitteret, lost, i. e. became blind, Cic. Div. 1, 24, 48:

oculos perdere,

id. Har. Resp. 18, 37:

restituere alicui,

Suet. Vesp. 7; cf.:

oculis usurpare rem,

i. e. see, Lucr. 1, 301.—

A luminary, said of the sun and stars ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): mundi oculus. i. e. the sun, Ov. M. 4, 228:

stellarum oculi,

Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10.—

A spot resembling an eye, as on a panther's hide, a peacock's tail, etc., Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62:

pavonum caudae,

id. 13, 15, 30, § 96. —So arch. t. t.:

oculus volutae,

Vitr. 3, 5. —

Of plants.

An eye, bud, bourgeon: oculos imponere, i. e. to bud, inoculate, Verg. G. 2, 73:

gemmans,

Col. 4, 24, 16.—

A bulb or knob on many roots, on the reed, etc.:

harundinis,

Cato, R. R. 6, 3; Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 3:

seritur harundo bulbo radicis, quem alii oculum vocant,

Plin. 17, 20, 33, § 144.—

A plant, called also aizoum majus, Plin. 25, 13, 102, § 160. —

Trop.

A principal ornament: hi duo illos oculos orae maritimae effoderunt ( Corinth and Carthage), Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 91:

ex duobus Graeciae oculis,

i. e. Athens and Sparta, Just. 5, 8, 4.—

The eye of the soul, the mind's eye:

eloquentiam quam nullis nisi mentis oculis videre possumus,

Cic. Or. 29, 101:

acrioribus mentis oculis intueri,

Col. 3, 8, 1:

oculos pascere re aliquā,

to feast one's eyes on any thing, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 65; cf.:

concupiscentia oculorum,

Vulg. 1 Joh. 2, 16: fructum oculis (dat.) capere ex aliquā re, Nep. Eum. 11, 2: oculi dolent, the eyes ache, i. e. one is afflicted by something seen, Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 64; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1; cf.:

pietas, pater, oculis dolorem prohibet,

i. e. forbids me to take offence, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 4: in oculis, in the eye, i. e. in view, hoped or expected:

frumenti spes, quae in oculis fuerat, utrosque frustrata pariter,

Liv. 26, 39, 23:

acies et arma in oculis erant,

Curt. 3, 6, 3:

Philotae supplicium in oculis erat,

id. 8, 6, 21:

esse in oculis,

to be beloved, esteemed, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

esse in oculis multitudinis,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 63: ferre, gestare in oculis, to love, esteem, value:

oderat tum, cum, etc....jam fert in oculis,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:

rex te ergo in oculis,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 11: aequis oculis videre, i. e. contentedly, with satisfaction (like aequo animo), Curt. 8, 2, 9: ante oculos, in mind, in view:

mors ante oculos debet esse,

Sen. Ep. 12, 6; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6; also plain, obvious:

simul est illud ante oculos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 85, 349:

sit ante oculos Nero,

i. e. set him before you, consider him, Tac. H. 1, 16: ante oculos habere, to keep in mind (post-class.):

habe ante oculos hanc esse terram,

Plin. Ep. 8, 24, 4:

mortalitatem,

id. ib. 2, 10, 4; Just. 5, 6, 1; for which (late Lat.) prae oculis: prae oculis habere terrorem futuri judicii, Greg. M. Ep. 2, 48;

3, 27 al.: nec jam fas ullum prae oculis habent,

Amm. 30, 4, 18: ob oculos versari, to be before the mind, etc.:

mors (ei) ob oculos versatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39; Liv. 28, 19, 14; cf.:

usu versatur ante oculos vobis Glaucia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 98; id. Fin. 2, 22, 75; 5, 1, 3; id. Dom. 55, 141; Liv. 34, 36, 6: ponere aliquid ante oculos, to call up in mind, imagine, etc.:

eā (translatione) utimur rei ante oculos ponendae causā,

Auct. Her. 4, 34, 45:

ora eorum ponite vobis ante oculos,

Cic. Phil. 13, 2, 4:

calamitatem Cottae sibi ante oculos ponunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

exsilium Cn. Marci sibi proponunt ante oculos,

Liv. 2, 54, 6:

conjurationem ante oculos ponere,

id. 24, 24, 8:

studia eorum vobis ante oculos proponere,

Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48;

rarely: constituere sibi aliquid ante oculos,

Cic. Cael. 32, 79; Aug. Serm. 233, 3: ante oculos ponere (proponere), with ellips. of dat. of person, Cic. Marc. 2, 5; id. Deiot. 7, 20; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115; 11, 3, 7; id. N. D. 1, 41, 114:

nec a re publicā deiciebam oculos,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 1.

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `moist, grassy place, humid meadow' (Il.), metaph. of flowered surfaces and objects (Ach. Tat., Philostr.);

Compounds: Compp., e.g. βαθυλείμων (Pi.), - λειμος (Il., with transition in the ο-stems) `with grassy meadows'; ἀ-λίμενος `without harbour, refuge' (Att.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 77 f.).

Derivatives: λειμώνιος `belonging to the meadow' (A., Arist.), f. - ιάς (S., A. R.), - ίς (D. P.), - ιον n. plantname, `Statice limonium' (Dsc., Plin.); λειμων-ιάτης λίθος name of a grass-green stone (Plin.). With suffix-change (after πῖδαξ, βῶλαξ etc.) λεῖμαξ, - ακος f. `meadow' (E. in lyr.), `garden' (Pherecr.) with - ακώδης `meadowlike, grassy' (Hp.), - ακίδες νύμφαι (Orph. A. 646; uncertain; codd. λιμνακίδων). - With diff. ablaut: λιμήν, - ένος m. `harbour, protected creek', also metaph. `refuge' (Il.), `assembly-, marketplace' (Thess.; after H. also Cypr.; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1,450f.). Dimin. λιμένιον (Str.; NGr. λιμάνι from Osm. liman; Maidhof Glotta 10, 14); λιμένιος `belonging to the harbour' (Paus.), λιμενίτης, f. - ῖτις `inhabitant of a harbour' (Corycos), of Priapos resp. Artemis as harbourgod(dess) (AP; Redard 23), λιμεν-ητικὰ χρήματα `harbour-taxes' (Cod. Just., with analog. - ητικά, if not itacistic fr - ιτικά), λιμεν-ίζω `build a harbour' (Polyaen.). - With enlargement after the ᾱ-stems and zero grade suffix (Schwyzer 524, Chantraine Form. 2 15): λί-μν-η f. `standing water, pond, sea, marsh' (Il.), Λίμναι pl. place in Athens, in Sparta etc. (Att.); compp., e. g. εὔ-λιμνος `with many seas' (Arist.). Many derivv.: 1. diminut. λιμνίον n. (Arist.). 2. λιμναῖος `living in seas etc., belonging to the sea' (IA.); 3. λιμνάς f. `id.' (Theoc., Paus.). 4. λιμνήτης, - τις (- ῖτις) `id.' (Theoc., Paus., inscr.), λιμνιτικά n. pl. name of a tax (pap.). 5. λιμνώδης `sea-, marsh-like' (IA.). 6. plantname: λιμν-ήσιον, - ησία, - ηστις, - ηστρον, - ηστρίς (Dsc., Gal.). 7. Denomin. verbs: λιμνάζω `build a λ., stagnate, put under water' (Arist.) with λιμνασμός `flood, inundation', - αστής `inund. surveyor', - αστεία `inund. work' (pap.), - ασία `marshy bottom' (Arist.); λιμνόομαι `build a λ.' (Thphr., Str.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [662?] * lei- [not well mentioned in Pok.]

Etymology: The primary formations λει-μών and λι-μήν (with λί-μν-η), which show both in stem as in suffix old ablaut (Schwyzer 521 f., Chantraine Form. 170), are isolated in Greek and have outside Greek no counterpart; for the etymology we have only suppositions. Starting from the idea `moistness, standing water etc.' (thus Benveniste Origines 123) Bq with J. Schmidt Zur Gesch. d. idg. Vocalismus 2, 259 f. wants to connect Lat. līmus `mud', to which may belong, with anlaut. sl-, the words mentioned under λείμαξ; also those unser λείβω, e. g. OCS lьjǫ (with perhaps Lat. lītus "floodarea") might be considered. - Quite diff. WP. 1, 158 and Pok. 309: prop. *'low-lying, Einbuchtung' (cf. e. g. NHG Anger to ἀγκ- in ἀγκ-ύλος etc.) to Lat. līmus `oblique', līmen `threshold', withou m-suffix e. g. Latv. leja `dale, valley'.

Page in Frisk: 2,97-99

Τρῐκάρᾱνος [pron. full] [κᾰ], ὁ,

A the Three-headed, a satirical attack on three cities, Sparta, Athens, and Thebes, written by Anaximenes of Lampsacus (Frr. 20 and 21 J.) and ascribed by him to Theopompus, Paus.6.18.5, Luc.Pseudol.29, Fug.32; also a satire by Varro on the coalition of Caesar, Pompeius, and Crassus, App.BC2.9.

ἑταιρ-εία, ἡ, also [full] ἑταιρία, E. Or. 1072, 1079, Th.3.82, Pl.R. 365d, D.10.259, Arist.Pol. 1272b34, al.; [dialect] Ion. [suff] ἑταιρ-ηΐη: ([etym.] ἑταῖρος):—

A association, brotherhood,

τῶν ἡλικιωτέων Hdt. 5.71

;

ἑ. ποιεῖσθαι Isoc.3.54

(pl.) ;

μαρτύρων συνεστῶσ' ἑ. D.21.139

;

αἱ βόες νέμονται καθ' ἑταιρείας Arist.HA 611a7

; of a social group in Crete, Leg.Gort.10.38.

2 at Athens and elsewhere, political club or union for party purposes, Eup.8.6 D., Com.Adesp.22.31 D., Th.3.82, Lys.12.55, Isoc.4.79 (pl.);

- ίας συνάξομεν Pl.R. 365d

;

σπουδαὶ ἑταιριῶν ἐπ' ἀρχάς Id.Tht. 173d

; at Carthage, τὰ συσσίτια τῶν ἑ., compared to the φιδίτια at Sparta, Arist.Pol. 1272b34, cf. 1305b32.

3 = Lat. collegium, ἑταιρία Ἰουλιανή, = collegium Lupercorum Juliorum, D.C.44.6.

II generally, friendly connexion, friendship, comradeship, Simon.118, S.Aj. 683, E.Or. 1072, AP7.51 ([place name] Adaeus) ; opp. ἔχθρα, D.29.23.

III = ἑταίρησις, And.1.100, v.l. in D.S.2.18 : Anaxil.21.3 combines signfs. 11 and 111.

γυμνᾰσίαρχ-ος, ὁ,

A gymnasiarch, superintendent of athletic training at Athens and elsewhere, And.1.132, D. 35.48, IG22.1227.4, 5(1).20A 5 ([place name] Sparta), PAmh.2.130.1 (i A. D.), etc.: fem. ἡ -αρχος, IGRom.3.802 (Pamphyl.).

2 director of a γυμνάσιον, Pl.Erx. 399a, Phld.Herc.1040.

γυμνᾰσιαρχ-έω,

A to be gymnasiarch, at Athens and elsewhere, IG 3.1104, al., 5(1).481, al. ([place name] Sparta), 7.1669 ([place name] Plataea), BGU184.3 (i A. D.), etc.;

εἰς Προμήθεια Lys.21.3

, Is.7.36; γ. λαμπάδι (cf. λαμπαδηφορία) Id.6.60:—[voice] Med.,

γυμνασιαρχεῖσθαι ἐν ταῖς λαμπάσι X.Vect. 4.52

.

II trans., provide for, supply as gymnasiarch, πάντα τὰ γυμνάσια Keil-Premerstein Zweiter Bericht No.69 :—[voice] Pass., to be supplied with gymnasiarchs,

γυμνασιαρχοῦσιν οἱ πλούσιοι.., ὁ δὲ δῆμος γυμνασιαρχεῖται X.Ath.1.13

.

γῠναικο-νόμος, ὁ,

A supervisor of women, title of magistrate at Athens and elsewhere, Timocl.32.3, Men.272, Arist.Pol. 1299a22, Philoch.103, IG5(1).170 (Sparta, iii A.D.), 1390.26 (Andania, i B. C.), SIG1219.17 ([place name] Gambreion).

φῐλόλογ-ος, ον,

A fond of words, talkative,

οἶνος φιλολόγους ποιεῖ Alex. 284

; φ. καὶ πολύλογος, opp. βραχύλογος, of Athens, opp. Sparta, Pl.Lg. 641e; fond of speaking, of Socrates, Id.Phdr. 236e.

II fond of dialectic, fond of philosophical argument, opp. μισόλογος, Id.La. 188c;

φ. γ' εἶ καὶ χρηστός Id.Tht. 161a

;

ὁ φιλόσοφός τε καὶ ὁ φ. Id.R. 582e

, cf. Epicur.Sent.Vat.74, Phld.Lib.p.48 O.

2 fond of learning and literature, literary,

Λακεδαιμόνιοι.. ἥκιστα φ. ὄντες Arist.Rh. 1398b14

;

φύσει Ἀθηναῖοι φ. Str.2.3.7

: opp. λογόφιλος(lover of reason), Zeno Stoic.1.67;

φιλολόγῳ ὑποκατακλίνεσθαι φιλομαθῆ Plu. 2.618e

, cf. 419d; opp. ἀπαίδευτος, Stob.4.22.107: opp. πολιτικός, Plu.Luc.42.

3 student, scholar, first used by Eratosthenes of himself, Suet.Gramm.10, cf. Str.14.5.15, D.H.Comp.25, Arr.Epict.2.4.1, Gal. Libr.Propr.Prooem.: but

φιλόλογος ὁ φιλῶν λόγους καὶ σπουδάζων περὶ παιδείαν· οἱ δὲ νῦν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπείρου τιθέασιν, οὐκ ὀρθῶς Phryn. 371

.

4 of books, learned, Cic.Att.13.12.3 ([comp] Comp.): suitable for a literary man, connected with learning, ib.15.15.2. Adv.

- λόγως

learnedly,

Poll.4.11

, Arg.Ar.Ra.

5 φ. multa, much learned conversation, Cic.Att.13.52.2.

III studious of words, opp. φιλόσοφος, Plot. ap. Porph.Plot.14, etap.Procl. in Ti.1.86 D., etc. (Freq. written parox. φιλολόγος in codd., as Pl.Tht. 161a (cod.B), EM406.10: but φιλόλογος Hdn.Gr.1.233 (from λόγος, not λέγω).)

πρόξενος ([full] πρόξενφος IG9(1).867 (Corc., vii/vi B. C.)), Cret. [full] πρόξηνος GDI 5028 A2,6, Schwyzer187 (ii B. C.), [dialect] Ion. [full] πρόξεινος Hdt. (v. infr.): ὁ (ἡ, when used of a woman, v. infr. 11):—

A public ξένος, public guest or friend, made so by an act of the State: Alexander 1 of Macedon was π. καὶ εὐεργέτης of Athens, Hdt.8.136, cf. 143;

πρόξενοι ἀμφικτιόνων Pi.I.4(3).8

;

εἶναι πρόξενον τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Ἀθηναίων Στράτωνα τὸν Σιδῶνος βασιλέα καὶ αὐτὸν καὶ ἐκγόνους IG22.141.9

;

πρόξενοι καὶ πολῖται Lys.28.1

; esp. of persons representing the interests of a foreign state in their own community, Pl.Lg. 642b, etc.; opp. φιδιόξενος (q. v.), IG9(1).333.11 ([dialect] Locr., v B. C.); of π. of Athens in other states, Pindar at Thebes, Isoc.15.166; Thucydides at Pharsalus, Th.8.92; π. τῆς πόλεως, i.e. of Athens at Mytilene, Arist.Pol. 1304a10; of other states at Athens, Cimon and Callias of Sparta, And.3.3, X.HG5.4.22; Nicias of Syracuse, D.S.13.27; Thraso of Thebes, Aeschin.3.138;

ὅσους γέγραφε προξένους εἶναι καὶ Ἀθηναίους Din.1.45

; of other states at Sparta, e.g. Lichas of Argos, Th.5.76; Clearchus of Byzantium, X.HG1.1.35; π. of barbarian communities and rulers, Id.An.5.4.2, 5.6.11; sts. the function was exercised by a community,

εἶμεν τὰν πόλιν τῶν Δελφῶν πρόξενον τᾶς πόλιος τᾶς Σαρδιανῶν.. διὰ τὸ μὴ ὑπάρχειν πρόξενον Σαρδιανοῖς SIG548.10

(Delph., iii B. C.).

b later, of patrons or representatives of guilds, e.g. the σύνοδος τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ Ξενίου at Athens, IG22.1012.18, cf.7.2486 ([place name] Thebes), 14.615 ([place name] Rhegium).

2 at Sparta, officials appointed by the Kings to entertain foreign guests, Hdt.6.57; also at Delphi, of persons extending public hospitality, E. Ion 551, 1039, Andr. 1103; so in Nephelococcygia, Ar.Av. 1021.

3 in pl., witnesses to a will, IG14.636 ([place name] Petelia).

II generally, patron, protector, A.Supp. 420 (lyr.), al., Ar.Th. 602; φίλης γὰρ π. κατήνυσαν at the house of a kind patroness, i.e. Clytaemnestra, S.El. 1451;

προξένῳ χρῆσθαί τινι E.Fr. 721

.

III Adj., assisting, relieving, c. gen., Alciphr.3.72.

2 causing, producing, κακῶν, συμπτωμάτων, νόσων, Ruf.Fr.64, Olymp.in Mete.3.21, Sch.Ar.Nu. 243.

τρῐᾱκάς, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [full] τρῐηκάς, άδος, ἡ, ([etym.] τρεῖς, τρία)

A the number thirty,

ἐς τριακάδας δέκα ναῶν A.Pers. 339

.

II the thirtieth day of the month. Hes.Op. 766, IG12.845.2, 7.2712.69 (Acraeph.), PCair.Zen.150.8 (iii B. C.), Dsc.Eup.1.146, Hippiatr.97; τ. ἡ πικρή (when school fees were due) Herod.3.9; first used by Thales, acc. to D.L.1.24. At Athens the τριακάδες were dedicated to the memory of the dead, Harp., Poll.1.66, etc.; offerings were made to Hecate, Ath.7.325a, etc.;

ἡ τῶν τ. ἀνιέρωσις Tab.Defix.99.12

;

ἐπαρᾶσθαι ταῖς τριακάσιν SIG286.13

(Milet., iv B. C.); of a festival in the cult of Zeus Panamaros, ib.900.36 (iv A. D.).

2 a month, containing 30 days, Luc.Luct.16, Rh.Pr.9.

III at Athens, a religious association of thirty persons, fraction of the deme, IG22.1214.18, cf. Poll.8.111.

2 at Sparta, either = 30 families (1/10 of an oba), or = 10 families (1/30 of an oba), or simply a company of thirty, Hdt. 1.65.

τρῐάκοντα [pron. full] [ᾱκ], [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [pref] τρῐήκ-, late Gr. [full] τρῐάντα (q. v.), οἱ, αἱ, τά, indecl.; but gen.

A

τριηκόντων Hes.Op. 696

, also in later [dialect] Ep., Call.Fr.67; dat.

τριηκόντεσσιν AP11.41

(Phld.):—thirty, Il.2.516, IG12.1.9, etc.; τ. καὶ ἕνα thirty-one, ib.42(1).71.9 (Epid., iii B. C.).

II οἱ τ., esp.,

1 at Sparta, a council of war of thirty, X.Ages.1.7, HG3.4.2,20, 4.1.5, al.

2 at Athens, the Thirty, commonly called the thirty tyrants, appointed on the taking of Athens ( 404 B.C.), ib.2.3.2, IG22.6.12, Pl.Ap. 32c, Arist.Rh. 1400a18.

3 certain magistrates, v. τεσσαράκοντα; οἱ λογισταὶ οἱ τ. (IG12.91.8) are sts. called simply οἱ τ., IG12.191.1, 193.1. [In late Epigr. ᾰκ, AP11.298, etc.]

πρόσωπον, ου, τό (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.).

① the front part of the head

ⓐ lit. face, countenance Mt 6:16f; 17:2; Mk 14:65; Lk 9:29 (s. εἶδος 1); Ac 6:15ab (Chariton 2, 2, 2 θαυμάζουσαι τὸ πρόσωπον ὡς θεῖον; Damasc., Vi. Isid. 80 Πρόκλος ἐθαύμαζε τὸ Ἰσιδώρου πρόσωπον, ὡς ἔνθεον ἦν; Marinus, Vi. Procli 23); 2 Cor 3:7 twice, 13 (JMorgenstern, Moses with the Shining Face: HUCA 2, 1925, 1–28); cp. vs. 18; 4:6; but in the last two passages there is a transition from the face of Moses to a symbolic use of πρ. (s. 1bβג below); Rv 4:7; 9:7ab; 10:1; IEph 15:3 (cp. 1bβו); MPol 12:1; Hv 3, 10, 1; B 5:14; GJs 17:2; 18:2 (codd.). ἐμβριθεῖ τῷ πρ. MPol 9:2 (s. ἐμβριθής). ποίῳ προσώπῳ GJs 13:1b. πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ the face he was born with Js 1:23 (γένεσις 2a). ἐμπτύειν εἰς τὸ πρ. τινος spit in someone’s face (s. ἐμπτύω) Mt 26:67. εἰς πρ. δέρειν τινά strike someone in the face 2 Cor 11:20. τύπτειν τὸ πρ. GJs 13:1a. συνέπεσεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ his face fell or became distorted 1 Cl 4:3; cp. vs. 4 (Gen 4:6 and 5; JosAs 13:8). πίπτειν ἐπὶ (τὸ; the art. is usu. lacking; B-D-F §255, 4; 259, 1; cp. Rob. 792) πρ. αὐτοῦ fall on one’s face as a sign of devotion (=נָפַל עַל פָּנָיו; cp. Gen 17:3; Ruth 2:10; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 16 [Stone p. 20]; JosAs 14:4 al.; ApcSed 14:2) Mt 17:6; 26:39; Rv 7:11; 11:16. Without αὐτοῦ (Gen 17:17; Num 14:5; Jos., Ant. 10, 11) Lk 5:12; 17:16; 1 Cor 14:25.

ⓑ personal presence or relational circumstance, fig.

α. in all kinds of imagery which, in large part, represent OT usage, and in which the face is oft. to be taken as the seat of the faculty of seeing. Βλέπειν πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον to see face to face 1 Cor 13:12 (cp. Gen 32:31 [Jos., Ant. 1, 334 θεοῦ πρόσωπον]; Judg 6:22. See HRiesenfeld, ConNeot 5, ’41, 19; 21f [abstracts of four articles]). κλίνειν τὸ πρ. εἰς τὴν γῆν Lk 24:5 (κλίνω 1). πρ. κυρίου ἐπὶ ποιοῦντας κακά 1 Pt 3:12; 1 Cl 22:6 (both Ps 33:17). ἐπίφανον τὸ πρ. σου ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς (ἐπιφαίνω 1) 60:3 (s. Num 6:25). ἐμφανισθῆναι τῷ προσώπῳ τοῦ θεοῦ (ἐμφανίζω 1) Hb 9:24. βλέπειν τὸ πρ. τινος, i.e. of God (βλέπω 1a, ὁράω A1c and s. JBoehmer, Gottes Angesicht: BFCT 12, 1908, 321–47; EGulin, D. Antlitz Jahwes im AT: Annal. Acad. Scient. Fenn. 17, 3, 1923; FNötscher, ‘Das Anges. Gottes schauen’ nach bibl. u. babylon. Auffassung 1924) Mt 18:10; cp. Rv 22:4. ὁρᾶν, ἰδεῖν or θεωρεῖν τὸ πρ. τινος see someone’s face, i.e. see someone (present) in person (UPZ 70, 5 [152/151 B.C.] οὐκ ἄν με ἶδες τὸ πρόσωπον. See Gen 32:21; 43:3, 5; 46:30 al.) Ac 20:25, 38; 1 Th 2:17b; 3:10; IRo 1:1; s. IPol 1:1. τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐν σαρκί Col 2:1. τῷ προσώπῳ ἀγνοούμενος unknown by face, i.e. personally Gal 1:22 (ἀγνοέω 1b). ἀπορφανισθέντες ἀφʼ ὑμῶν προσώπῳ οὐ καρδίᾳ (dat. of specification) orphaned by separation from you in person, not in heart (or outwardly, not inwardly) 1 Th 2:17a. ἐκζητεῖν τὰ πρόσωπα τῶν ἁγίων (ἐκζητέω 1) B 19:10; D 4:2. ἀποστρέφειν τὸ πρ. ἀπό τινος (ἀποστρέφω 1) 1 Cl 18:9 (Ps 50:11); 16:3 (Is 53:3). στερεῖν τοῦ προσώπου τινός B 13:4 (Gen 48:11).—τὸ πρόσωπον στηρίζειν (s. στηρίζω 2 and cp. SAntoniades, Neotestamentica: Neophilologus 14, 1929, 129–35) Lk 9:51. τὸ πρ. αὐτοῦ ἦν πορευόμενον εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ his face was set toward Jerusalem vs. 53 (cp. 2 Km 17:11).—θαυμάζειν πρόσωπον flatter Jd 16 (PsSol 2:18; s. also θαυμάζω 1bα). λαμβάνειν πρόσωπον (=נָשָׂא פָנִים; cp. Sir 4:22; 35:13; 1 Esdr 4:39; s. Thackeray p. 43f; B-D-F p. 3, note 5; Rob. 94) show partiality or favoritism Lk 20:21; B 19:4; D 4:3. λαμβ. πρόσωπόν τινος (cp. Mal 1:8) Gal 2:6. S. PKatz, Kratylos 5, ’60, 161.

β. governed by prepositions, in usages where πρ. in many cases requires a dynamic equivalent

א. ἀπὸ προσώπου τινός from the presence of someone (JosAs 28:10; Just., A I, 36, 1; s. Vi. Aesopi W 104 v.l. p. 188 last line P. ἐπιστολὴ ὡς ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ Αἰσώπου) Ac 3:20; (away) from someone or someth. (Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 9 Jac. φυγεῖν ἀπὸ προσώπου Κύρου; LXX; PsSol 4:8 al.; Herodas 8, 59 ἔρρʼ ἐκ προσώπου=get out of my sight; TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 11 [Stone p. 4] ἐκ προσώπου: here because of the compound ἐξέρχομαι) 5:41; 7:45; 2 Th 1:9; Rv 6:16 (Is 2:10, 19, 21); 12:14; 20:11 (cp. Ex 14:25; Josh 10:11; Sir 21:2; 1 Macc 5:34 and oft.) 1 Cl 4:8 (s. ἀποδιδράσκω), 10 (s. the passages cited for Rv 20:11 above); 18:11 (Ps 50:13; ἀπο[ρ]ρίπτω 2); 28:3 (Ps 138:7).

ב. εἰς πρόσωπον: (Aesop, Fab. 302 P.= εἰς Ζηνὸς πρόσωπον ἔρχεσθαι=before the face of Zeus) εἰς πρόσωπον τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν before (lit. ‘in the face of’) the congregations 2 Cor 8:24. τὰ φαινόμενά σου εἰς πρόσωπον what meets your eye, i.e. the visible world IPol 2:2. βλέπειν εἰς πρόσωπόν τινος Mt 22:16; Mk 12:14 (s. βλέπω 4). To one’s face i.e. when present Hv 3, 6, 3 cj. (cp. POxy 903, 2; BGU 909, 12).

ג. ἐν προσώπῳ (Maximus Tyr. 38, 1a) ἐν προσώπῳ Χριστοῦ before the face of Christ that looks down with approval 2 Cor 2:10 (cp. Pr 8:30; Sir 35:4), or as the representative of Christ (REB); difft. 4:6 on the face of Christ (s. 1a above).

ד. κατὰ πρόσωπον face to face, (present) in person (Polyb. 24, 15, 2; Diod S 19, 46, 2; Plut., Caesar 716 [17, 8]; IMagnMai 93b, 11; IPriene 41, 6; OGI 441, 66 [81 B.C.]; PLond II, 479, 6 p. 256 [III A.D.?]; POxy 1071, 1) B 15:1. (Opp. ἀπών) 2 Cor 10:1. Παῦλος, ὸ̔ς γενόμενος ἐν ὑμῖν κατὰ πρόσωπον Pol 3:2. πρὶν ἢ ὁ κατηγορούμενος κατὰ πρόσωπον ἔχοι τοὺς κατηγόρους before the accused meets his accusers face to face Ac 25:16, κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην I opposed him to his face Gal 2:11 (cp. Diod S 40, 5a of an accusation κατὰ πρόσωπον; 2 Macc 7:6; Jos., Ant. 5, 46; 13, 278).—κατὰ πρόσωπον with partiality, in favoritism B 19:7; D 4:10.—τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον what is before your eyes 2 Cor 10:7.—Used w. the gen. like a prep. (PPetr III, 1 II, 8 κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ ἱεροῦ; LXX; Jos., Ant. 3, 144; 9, 8) κατὰ πρ. τινος before or in the presence of someone (Jos., Ant. 11, 235) Lk 2:31; Ac 3:13; 16:9 D; 1 Cl 35:10 (Ps. 49:21).

ה. μετὰ προσώπου: πληρώσεις με εὐφροσύνης μετὰ τοῦ προσώπου σου Ac 2:28 (Ps 15:11); μετά A 2γ ג.

ו. πρὸ προσώπου τινός (LXX; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 4 [Stone p. 30] πρὸ προσώπου τῆς τραπέζης; GrBar 1:4; s. Johannessohn, Präp. 184–86) before someone Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Lk 7:27 (on all three cp. Mal 3:1).—Lk 1:76 v.l. (s. Ex 32:34); 9:52 (s. Ex 23:20); 10:1; 1 Cl 34:3 (s. Is 62:11). IEph 15:3 (cp. 1a).—πρὸ προσώπου τῆς εἰσόδου αὐτοῦ Ac 13:24 (εἴσοδος 2).

② entire bodily presence, person (Polyb. 5, 107, 3; 8, 13, 5; 12, 27, 10; 27, 7, 4; Diod S 37, 12, 1; Plut., Mor. 509b; Epict. 1, 2, 7; Vett. Val. s. index; Just., A I, 36, 2; POxy 1672, 4 [37–41 A.D.] ξένοις προσώποις=to strangers; 237 VII, 34; PRyl 28, 88. Cp. Phryn. p. 379 Lob., also Lob.’s comment p. 380; KPraechter, Philol 63, 1904, 155f) ὀλίγα πρόσωπα a few persons 1 Cl 1:1; ἓν ἢ δύο πρ. 47:6. τὰ προγεγραμμένα πρ. the persons mentioned above IMg 6:1. Here is surely also the place for ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων by many (persons) 2 Cor 1:11 (from Luther to NRSV et al.; ‘face’ is preferred by Heinrici, Plummer et al.—With this expr. cp. Diod S 15, 38, 4 ἐκ τρίτου προσώπου=[claims were raised] by a third ‘party’, i.e. Thebes, against Sparta and Athens).

③ the outer surface of someth., face= surface πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς (Gen 2:6; 7:23; 11:4, 8 al.) Lk 21:35; Ac 17:26; B 11:7 (Ps 1:4); and 6:9 prob. belongs here also.

④ that which is present in a certain form or character to a viewer, external things, appearance opp. καρδία (1 Km 16:7) 2 Cor 5:12. πρόσωπον εἰρήνης (opp. πονηρίαι … ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις) Hv 3, 6, 3. ἡ εὐπρέπεια τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ (i.e. of grass and flowers) Js 1:11. Of the appearance of the sky Mt 16:3; cp. Lk 12:56 (s. Ps 103:30).—SSchlossmann, Persona u. Πρόσωπον im röm. Recht u. christl. Dogma 1906; RHirzel, Die Person; Begriff u. Name derselben im Altertum: SBBayAk 1914, Heft 10; HRheinfelder, Das Wort ‘Persona’; Gesch. seiner Bed. 1928; FAltheim, Persona: ARW 27, 1929, 35–52; RAC I 437–40; BHHW I 93f. B. 216.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

Ancestors: P. and V. πρόγονοι, οἱ, P. προπάτορες, οἱ.

Of one's fathers, ancestral, adj.: P. and V. πατρῷος. πάτριος, Ar. and P. πατρικός.

Senators at Athens: Ar. and P. βουλευταί, οἱ.

Senators at Sparta: P. and V. γέροντες, οἱ.

ἱερός (v. sub fin.), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase

A

ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes. Op. 597

, 805, Orac. ap. Hdt.8.77: [dialect] Ion. and poet. [full] ἱρός, ή, όν (v. sub fin.): [dialect] Dor. and N. Greek [full] ἱᾰρός IG22.1126.20, etc.: [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἶρος Sapph.Supp.23.25, Alc.Supp.8.4, but [full] ἴαρος (corr. from ἴερ-) Sapph. Supp. 20a.6: [comp] Sup.

ἱερώτατος Ar.Eq. 582

(lyr.), Pl.Lg. 755e.

I filled with or manifesting divine power, supernatural,

ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο Od.2.409

, al.;

ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421

, etc.; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, Il.11.631, 5.499;

Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes.Op.

Il.c.; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, Od.10.351, Il.11.726, E.Med. 410 (lyr.); λιβάς, of the Spercheus, S.Ph. 1215 (lyr.); ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης 'faery', Od.10.275; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, Il.8.66, 11.194;

φάος Hes.Op. 339

; ἱερὸς δίφρος (where δ. perh.= ἵπποι) Il.17.464; after Hom.,

ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης A.Fr. 192

(anap.);

ἱ. κῦμα E.Hipp. 1206

, cf. Cyc. 265;

ὄμβρος S.OT 1428

;

δρόσοι E. Ion 117

(lyr.); ὕπνος, of death, Call.Epigr.11; ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ. no great matter, Theoc.5.22.

II of divine things, holy,

ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης Od.10.426

;

ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων Hes.Th.21

; λέχος, of Zeus, ib.57; δόσις the gift of God, ib. 93; πόλεμος holy war, ' crusade', Ar.Av. 556, etc.

2 of earthly things, hallowed, consecrated,

βωμοί Il.2.305

; ἱ. δόμος, of the temple of Athena, 6.89;

ἱ. ἑκατόμβη 1.99

, 431, etc.;

ἐλαίη Od.13.372

;

χοαί S.OC 469

, etc.; ἱρὰ γράμματα hieroglyphics, Hdt.2.36; but ἱ. γράμματα of the Holy Scriptures, 2 Ep.Tim.3.15;

ἱ. βύβλοι OGI56.70

(Canopus, iii B.C.); ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, S.OT 1379, E. Ion 512, etc.;

χρήματα Pl.R. 568d

, etc.;

ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ' ἔχειν E. Ion 1285

; ἱ. σώματα, of ἱερόδουλοι, Str.6.2.6;

χῆνες Plu.2.325c

; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [

κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο Hdt.2.42

; so perh.

ἱ. ἰχθύς Il.16.407

; of the Roman Tribunes,= Lat. sacrosanctus,

ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος Plu.TG15

, etc.; of Augustus, Mon.Anc.Gr. 5.17; ἱ. νόμος law of sacrifice, D.21.35, cf. SIG685.81 (ii B.C.); ἱ. λόγος legend, Hdt.2.81, etc.;

οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι Pl.Ep. 335a

; ἱ. γάμος mystical marriage, a religious ceremony, Men.320, Phot. s.v.; opp. βέβηλος, as sacred to profane, D.H.7.8, AB223; but more freq.

ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος Th.2.52

, X.Vect.5.4, etc.; cf. ὅσιος.

3 under divine protection, freq. of places,

Ἴλιος Il.5.648

, Alc.Supp.8.4;

Πύλος Od. 21.108

;

Θήβη Sapph.Supp. 20a

.6; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, Od.1.2, Il.16.100;

Ἀθῆναι Od.11.323

, cf. Pi.Fr.75, S. Aj. 1221 (lyr.), Ps.-Orac. ap. Ar.Eq. 1037;

Σούνιον ἱρόν Od.3.278

; ἱ. κύκλος the judge's seat under the protection of Zeus, Il.18.504: with gen. of the divinity, ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων, Od.6.322, 13.104, cf. Hdt.1.80,2.41, Ar.Pl. 937, X.An.5.3.13, etc.;

γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν Pl.Lg. 955e

; χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον ib. 755e, cf. Ti. 45a; with gen. of a human being,

Γναθίου.. ἱ. εἰμι IG12.920

.

b of persons,

φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος Il.10.56

;

ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681

;

στρατός Od.24.81

;

βασιλέες Pi.P.5.97

; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, of Oedipus, S.OC 287; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initiated, Ar.Ra. 652; c. gen. of a divinity, deuoted, dedicated, E.Alc.75, Pl.Phd. 85b.

c under the Roman Empire,= sacer, imperial,

ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων IGRom.4.571

(Aezani, ii A.D.); ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον, ib.3.727 ([place name] Lycia), SIG888.10 (Scaptopara, iii A.D.), etc.; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (of the praefectus Aegypti), PHamb.4.8 (i A.D.): generally, worshipful,

ἱ. σύνοδος OGI713.9

(Egypt, iii A.D.), etc.

III as Subst.,

1 [full] ἱερά, [dialect] Ion. [full] ἱρά, τά, offerings, victims,

ἱερὰ ῥέξας Il.1.147

, etc.;

ἔρδειν Hes.Op. 336

;

διδόναι Od.16.184

;

ἀλλ' ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά Il.2.420

, cf. 23.207: less freq. in sg.,

ὄφρ' ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ' Ἀθήνῃ 10.571

;

θῦσαι ἱρά Hdt.1.59

, 8.54, etc.;

θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν Id.2.63

;

αἴθειν S. Ph. 1033

;

ἱ. πατρῷα A.Th. 1015

;

ἱ. ἐπιχώρια Democr.259

.

b after Hom., omens afforded by sacrifice,

τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά Hdt. 5.44

; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] X.An.1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. ib. 2.2.3.

c generally, sacred objects or rites, Hdt.1.172,4.33;

τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον D.57.3

; of cult-images, IG Rom.3.800 (syllium).

2 after Hom., [full] ἱερόν, [dialect] Ion. [full] ἱρόν, τό, holy place, Hdt.5.119,al.; opp. νηός, Id.2.170, cf. Th.4.90,5.18; freq. of a temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ.. ἱρόν κτλ. Hdt.2.112; of the Jewish temple, LXX 1 Ch.29.4, Plb.16.39.4, Str.16.2.34, Ev.Matt.24.1.

3 ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης a sacred principle of right, E.Hel. 1002.

4 [full] ἱερός, ὁ (sc. μήν), name of month at Delos, IG12.377.22, 11(2).203A31 (iii B.C.).

5 ἱεροί, οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, ib.5(1).1390.1, al. (Andania, i B.C.), prob. in SIG1010.7 ([place name] Chalcedon), etc.; also of women, [full] ἱεραί, αἱ, IG5(1). l.c., cf. 1511 ([place name] Sparta).

b = ἱερόδουλος, ib. 1356 (Messenia, V B.C.), Inscr.Perg.572, GDI5702.39 ([place name] Samos).

IV special phrases, post-Hom.,

1 prov., ἱ. ἄγκυρα one's last hope, Plu. 2.815d, Luc.JTr.51, Fug.13, Poll.1.93, Gal.11.182.

2 ἱ. βόλος, name of a throw at dice, Eub.57.1.

3 ἱ. βοτάνη, v. βοτάνη.

4 ἱ. (sc. γραμμή) (cf.

γραμμή 111.1

), last line of draught-board,

κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ' ἴρας.. λίθον Alc.82

, cf. Epich.225, Sophr.127; τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς (v.l. τὴν ἱεράν) Plu.Cor.32.

5 ἱ. ἰχθύς,= ἀνθίας, Arist.HA 620b35, cf. Ath.7.282e, Plu.2.981d.

6 ἱ. λόχος, v. λόχος.

7 ἱερά (sc. νίκη), ἡ, drawn contest, dead heat (because the prize was assigned to the god), SIG1073.48 (Olymp.); ποιῆσαι ἱεράν, of the competitor, Wood Ephesus, App.vi p.70; so

ἱ. ἀθλήματα Inscr.Olymp.56

;

ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη IG9(2).525

([place name] Larissa); τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο ib.527 (ibid.); ἱερός (sc. ἀγών) ib.7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): metaph., ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον 'divide the honours', Plb.1.58.5, 29.8.9.

8 ἱ. νόσος epilepsy, Hdt.3.33, Hp.Morb. Sacr.tit., Thphr.HP9.11.3, etc., cf. Call.Aet.3.1.14: metaph.,

τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε Heraclit.46

( = Epicur.Fr. 224).

9 ἡ ἱ. ὁδός the sacred road to Delphi, Hdt.6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, Cratin. 61, Paus.1.36.3, Harp. s.v.; and that from Elis to Olympia, Paus. 5.25.7.

10 ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, the last bone of the spine, Hp. Art.45, Plu.2.981d, Gal.UP5.8, etc.

11 ἱ. συμβουλή sacred duty of an adviser, Pl.Ep. 321c, X.An.5.6.4, cf. Pl.Thg. 122b, Luc.Rh.Pr. 1.

12 ἱ. σῦριγξ spinal canal, Poll.2.180.

13 ἱερὰ τριήρης, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), D.4.34.

14 freq. in geographical names, e.g. ἱ ἄκρα, in Lycia, Str. 14.3.8; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, in Spain, Cape St. Vincent, Id.2.4.3; ἱ. κώμη, in Lydia, Plb.16.1.8; ἱ. νῆσος, one of the Liparean group, Th.3.88; one of the insulae Aegates, Plb.1.60.3.

V Adv. - ρῶς holily, ἀποθανεῖν v.l. in Plu.Lyc.27. [[pron. full] ῐ by nature, but sts. [pron. full] ῑ in [dialect] Ep., esp. in endings of hexameters, ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, Il.16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hex., Theoc.5.22; also in compds. ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος: [pron. full] ῑ always in [var] contr. form ἱρός wh. is used in [dialect] Ep., Hdt., and some [dialect] Ion. inscrr., as IG12(8).265.9 ([place name] Thasos), cf. Semon.7.56, Herod.4.79, al., but is rarely found in codd. of Hp. (never in Heraclit. or Democr.); also in Trag., A.Th. 268, etc., but never required by metre in lyr. of Com.]

νομοφύλαξ [pron. full] [ῠ], ᾰκος, ὁ (ἡ LXX 4 Ma.15.32),

A guardian of the laws, title of officials appointed to watch over the laws and their observance, Pl.Lg. 755a, 770c, etc.;

οἱ ν. ἀριστοκρατικόν Arist.Pol. 1323a8

, cf. Cic.Legg.3.20.46; at Athens, Philoch.141b, etc.; at Sparta, Paus.3.11.2, IG5(1).31, al.; at Thasos, BCH52.55 (iv/iii B.C.); at Alexandria, PHal.1.42 (iii B.C.), prob. in Mitteis Chr. 369 i 33 (iii B.C.); at Priene, SIG282.17 (iv B.C.); at Cyrene, Abh.Berl.Akad. 1925(5).7 (iii B.C.).

2 observer of the law,

σὺ ἡ ν. LXX

l.c.

II minor official under control of village elders, with police and fiscal duties, PAmh.2.108.8, BGU759.20, PRyl.122.7, POxy.1440.7 (all ii A.D.).

ποικίλος [pron. full] [ῐ], η, ον,

A many-coloured, spotted, pied, dappled,

παρδαλέη Il.10.30

;

ὄφις Hes.Th. 300

codd. ( αἰόλον Sch.);

δράκων Pi.P.8.46

; ἴυγξ ib.4.214;

νεβρίδες E.Ba. 249

;

ὄρνιθες Plot.4.4.29

; also of cattle, PCair.Preis.37.9 (iii B.C.), etc.;

- ώτερον ταὧ Alex.110.14

, cf. Ath.9.397c; opp. ὁμόχρους, Arist.HA 543a25;

κιθῶνες Hdt.7.61

; λίθος Αἰθιοπικὸς π., of the red granite of Syene, Id.2.127, cf. IG42(1).106i96, 113(Epid., iv B.C.);

σφαῖρα Pl.Phd. 110b

; in X.An.5.4.32, tattooed.

II wrought in various colours, of woven or embroidered stuffs, in Hom. as epith. of πέπλος, Il.5.735, al.;

ἱμάς 14.215

;

φᾶρος S.Fr. 586

; ἐν ποικίλοις.. κάλλεσιν βαίνειν, of a rich carpet, A.Ag. 923; ποικίλα, τά, ib. 926, 936, Theoc.15.78; π., τό, a broidered robe, Cratin. 38;

ἐπίβλημα π. IG12.387.28

; of Cyprian, Carthaginian, and Sicilian stuffs, Ar.Fr. 611, Hermipp.63.23, Philem.76.4. Adv.

-λως, ὑφασμένον Antiph.99

(dub.);

στρωμναὶ π. διηνθισμέναι LXXEs.1.6

.

2 of metal work, τεύχεα π. χαλκῷ cunningly wrought in bronze, Hes.Sc.[423];

θώρηξ Il.16.134

; τεύχεα, ἔντεα, σάκος, δίφρος, κλισμός, etc., 4.432, 10.75, 149, 501, Od.1.132, etc.; but

δεσμὸς π.

intricate,

8.448

.

3 ἡ στοὰ ἡ π. the Painted Hall at Athens, Aeschin.3.186;

ἡ π. στοά D.45.17

, 59.94, cf. Paus.1.15.1; also Ποικίλη alone, Id.5.11.6, Luc.DMeretr.10.2; or ἡ Π., Id.Pisc.13, 16, etc.; also π. στοά, at Olympia, Paus.5.21.17; λέσχη π., at Sparta, Id.3.15.8;

θρᾶνος π. PCair.Zen.445.5

(iii B.C.).

4 of drugs, complicated, Aret.CD1.4.

III metaph., changeful, diversified, manifold,

εὐμορφία A.Pr. 495

;

π. κακῶν ταμιεῖον Democr.149

;

- ώτερος αὐτοῦ Πρωτέως Luc.Sacr.5

;

ποικίλα ἀντὶ ἁπλοῦ Pl.Tht. 146d

;

- ώτερα ποιεῖν τὰ νοσήματα Id.R. 426a

; παντοδαπὰς ἡδονὰς καὶ π. καὶ παντοίως ἐχούσας ib. 559d;

οὕτω δὲ π. τί ἐστι τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ παντοδαπόν Id.Prt. 334b

;

πηδήσεις ὡς ἔνι -ωτάτας ποιεῖσθαι Arr. Tact.43.3

; π. μῆνες the changing months, Pi.I.4(3).18 (nisi leg. ποικίλα [χθών])

; π. εὐεργεσία IG5(2).268.22

(Mantinea, i B.C.). Adv.

- λως

in various ways,

Hp.Art.33

, Gal.13.91: [comp] Comp. -ωτέρως, θρεπτέον Herod.[voice] Med.in Rh.Mus.58.85; but

- ώτερον Sor.Vit.Hp.4

.

2 of Art, π. ὕμνος a song of changeful strain or full of diverse art, Pi.O.6.87;

ποικίλον κιθαρίζων Id.N.4.14

;

δεδαιδαλμένοι ψεύδεσι ποικίλοις μῦθοι Id.O.1.29

; of style,

λέξις ποιητικωτέρα καὶ π. Isoc.15.47

([comp] Comp.);

σχηματισμοί D.H.Is.3

.

3 intricate, complex, εἱλιγμοὶ -ώτατοι, of a labyrinth, Hdt.2.148; of an oracle, Id.7.111 ([comp] Comp.);

ὁ θεὸς ἔφυ τι π. E.Hel. 711

; π. νόμος, opp. νοῆσαι ῥᾴδιος, Pl.Smp. 182b; π. μηχάνημα, λόγοι, S.OC 762, Ar.Th. 438; opp. ἁπλούστερος, Arist. Rh. 1416b25;

οὐδὲν π. οὐδὲ σοφόν D.9.37

. Adv. -λως, αὐδώμενος speaking in double sense, S.Ph. 130;

π. ᾐνιγμένος Ar.Eq. 196

.

b of abstruse knowledge, intricate, subtle,

εἰδέναι τι π. E.Med. 300

; οὐδὲν π. nothing abstruse or difficult, Pl.Men. 75e, Grg. 491d, etc.

c of persons and things, subtle, artful, wily, of Prometheus, Hes.Th. 511, A.Pr. 310; of Odysseus, E.IA 526;

π. γὰρ ἁνήρ Ar.Eq. 758

;

φύσει π. Plb.8.18.4

;

ἀλώπηξ κερδαλέα καὶ π. Pl.R. 365c

; π. λαλήματα, of the Sirens, E.Andr. 937;

π. τόξον B.9.43

;

βουλεύματα Pi. N.5.28

. Adv. subtly, artfully, E.Ba. 888(lyr.);

σοφῶς.. καὶ π. Alex. 110.20

;

π. χρώμενοι τοῖς πράγμασιν Plb.4.30.7

.

4 changeable, unstable,

ὁ εὐδαίμων οὐ π. καὶ εὐμετάβολος Arist.EN 1101a8

; π. ἐλπίδες doubtful hopes, Plb.14.1.5;

π. περιστάσεις OGI194.5

(Egypt, i B.C.). Adv. -λως, ἔχειν to be different, X.Mem.2.6.21;

δέος π. περιαμύττον τὸν νοῦν Pl.Ax. 365c

: [comp] Comp. - ωτέρως dub. in Epicur.Nat.5G. (Cf. Skt. pimśáti 'dress (meat)', 'adorn', péśas 'shape', 'colour', 'embroidery', Lith. pi[etilde]šti 'draw', 'write', Slav. p[icaron]sati 'write'.)

ἱππ-εύς, gen. έως (- έω dub. in Hsch.), [dialect] Ep. ῆος, ὁ, ([etym.] ἵππος)

A one who fights from a chariot, Hom. (only in Il.), opp. πεζός, 2.810; either of the driver or of the hero who fights, 12.66, 15.270; also of one who drives in a chariot-race, 23.262.

2 horseman, rider, cavalryman,

ἰππήων στρότος Sapph.Supp.5.1

, cf. Hdt.3.88,9.49, A. Pers.14 (anap.), Arist.Pol. 1270a29, etc.; τῆς πολιτείας ἱ. a public courier, Aristaenet.1.26.

3 groom, Class.Rev.27.12 (Laodicea Combusta), 24.12, JHS18.108 (near Lysias).

II ἱππεῖς, in social and political sense, knights, forming an aristocracy in early Greek communities, Arist.Pol. 1297b18, etc.; at Eretria, ib. 1306a35, Ath. 15.2; at Sparta, a royal bodyguard, Hdt.8.124, cf. 1.67, etc.; esp. at Athens, the Second Class in Solon's constitution, Arist.Ath.7.3; later, an aristocratic corps of cavalry, Ar.Eq. 225, And.3.5, Philoch. 100, etc.

2 of the Roman equites, D.S.37.8, D.H.4.24, App. BC1.22, etc.; ἱππεὺς Ῥωμαίων,= Lat. eques Romanus, Mon.Anc.Gr. 7.17, IG3.768a, IGRom.3.204 ([place name] Ancyra), OGI547.2 (ibid.), 645.7 ([place name] Palmyra), prob. in IGRom.4.1213 ([place name] Thyatira).

III nimble kind of crab, Arist.HA 525b8.

IV kind of comet, Plin.HN2.90, Lyd. Ost.11.

V girl's ornament, Hsch., cf. Ostr. 323 (ii B.C.).

VI a measure, πυρῶν, ἀμυγδάλων, ἀλεύρων, Supp.Epigr.2.710 ([place name] Pednelissus).

Gorgĭas, ae, m., = Gorgias.

A famous Greek sophist of Leontini, a contemporary of Socrates, Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 7; id. Fin. 2, 1, 1; id. de Or. 1, 22, 103; id. Brut. 8, 30; id. Or. 12, 39 et saep.—

A rhetorician in Athens, instructor of Cicero's son, and author of the rhetorical work from which excerpts have been made by Rutilius Lupus, Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 6.—

A sculptor of Sparta, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 49.

κατοικ-έω,

A settle in, colonize,

πόλιν Hdt.7.164

;

γῆν E.Med.10

; τοῖς κατοικεῖν ἐθέλουσι τὰν πόλιν Decr.Byz. ap. D.18.91: generally, inhabit,

τόπους S.Ph.40

;

τὴν Ἀσίαν SIG557.17

(Magn. Mae., iii B.C.), etc.:— [voice] Pass., to be dwelt in or inhabited, opp. κατοικίζομαι (to be just founded), Arist.Pol. 1266b2.

2 abs., settle, dwell,

ζητοῦσα.. ποῦ κατοικοίης S.OC 362

;

ἵνα χρὴ κατοικεῖν Ar.Av. 153

; ἐν δόμοις, ἐν ἄστεσι, E.Hel. 1651, Pl.Lg. 666e, etc.;

αὐτόθι Th.3.34

;

ἐν μοναρχίᾳ Isoc.1.36

;

ἐπὶ γῆς Apoc.3.10

; esp. of non-citizens,

Ἐφέσιοι καὶ οἱ -οῦντες SIG352.4

(Ephesus, iv B.C.). cf. 633.67 (Milet., ii B.C.):—[tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. [voice] Pass., to have been planted or settled,

κατὰ κώμας Hdt.1.96

, cf.2.102; κ.νῆσον, τὴν μεσόγειαν, Id.4.8, Th.1.120.

II administer, govern,

οἱ τὰς πόλεις -οῦντες Phld.Rh.2.225

S.:—more freq. in [voice] Pass., κατῴκηνται καλῶς, of Athens, S.OC 1004; ὀρθῶς κ., of Sparta, Pl.Lg. 683a.

III intr. of cities, lie, be siluated, ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις ib. 677c, cf. 682c: also c. acc. loci, τὰς τὴν Ἀσίαν κατοικούσας which are situated in.., Isoc. 5.123.

λίμν-η, ἡ,

A pool of standing water left by the sea or a river, Il.21.317: hence, marshy lake, mere, distd. from ἕλος, Pl. Criti. 114e, Lg. 824c;

Βοιβηΐς λ. Il.2.711

; Γυγαίη ib. 865;

Κηφισίς 5.709

;

λ. Γοργῶπις A.Ag. 302

;

Μαιῶτις Id.Pr. 419

(lyr.), cf. 729, Pers. 871 (lyr.), Hdt.4.86;

ἡ Βόλβη λ. Th.4.103

; λ. τροχοειδής, at Delos, Hdt.2.170, cf. A.Eu.9.

b also, artificial pool or basin, Hdt.1.185, 191, al., SIG799 ii 3 (Cyzic., i A.D.).

2 in Hom. and other Poets, the sea, Il.24.79, Od.3.1;

βένθεσι λίμνης Il.13.21

, 32: so in Trag. in lyr.,

λίμνᾳ πορφυροειδεῖ A.Supp. 529

;

ἐπ' οἶδμα λίμνας S. Fr. 476

, E.Hec. 446;

Πόσειδον, ὃς γλαυκᾶς μέδεις.. λίμνας S.Fr. 371

; Μηλίδα πὰρ λ. by the Malian bay, Id.Tr. 636.

II Λίμναι, αἱ, (used without the article), a quarter of Athens (once prob. marshy), near the Acropolis, in which stood the Lenaeum, Ar.Ra. 216, Th.2.15, Is.8.35, etc., cf.

λιμναῖος 11

.

2 a quarter or suburb of Sparta, Str.8.5.1.

3 a place in Messenia, Id.8.4.9.